COPD
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is one of the most common respiratory diseases today. In 2020, the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) reported that COPD ranked as the third leading cause of global mortality, encompassing chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
Causes of COPD:
The primary etiology of COPD is long-term cigarette smoking and exposure to air pollutants. Prolonged exposure to toxins impairs lung function and damages the airways, leading to inflammation and progression to the pulmonary alveoli. Genetic factors and deficiency of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin, a protective lung protein, can also contribute to the development of COPD, even in nonsmokers.
COPD Symptoms:
- Dry cough
- Dyspnea (shortness of breath)
- Chest tightness
- Fatigue and exertional breathlessness
- Increased sputum production in patients with chronic bronchitis, which increases the risk of infection.
Diagnosis of COPD:
1. Medical history assessment: Due to the non-specific symptoms of COPD, diagnosis relies on a comprehensive medical history, physical examination, and additional laboratory tests to determine disease severity.
2. Physical examination: A physical examination aids in assessing lung function or utilizing spirometry, which measures lung capacity and airflow, facilitating severity determination and disease monitoring.
3. Chest X-ray: X-ray imaging is employed to diagnose COPD and detect potential complications.
4. Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: This diagnostic test provides a detailed image of the lungs, assisting in the identification and evaluation of emphysema.
COPD Treatment:
While COPD cannot be cured, proactive measures can slow disease progression, prevent complications, and reduce severity. Optimal self-care and treatment approaches include:
1. Medication: Prescribed medications alleviate symptoms and prevent exacerbations.
2. Smoking cessation: Quitting smoking is crucial in mitigating disease severity.
3. Exercise: Aimed at improving lung function and overall fitness.
4. Bronchodilators: Bronchodilators are used for acute exacerbations, which are characterized by dyspnea, chest tightness, and difficulty breathing. These medications relieve symptoms by dilating the bronchial tubes and allowing better airflow from the lungs. Such treatment must be recommended by a healthcare professional.
5. Surgical procedures: In severe cases, surgery such as lung volume reduction surgery or lung transplantation may be considered.
You may find our specialist here at Internal Medicine Center, Phyathai 2 Hospital
Phyathai 2 Hospital
International Correspondence Center
Tel: +66-2617-2444 ext. 2020 or 2047 E mail: onestop@phyathai.com
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Phyathai 2 Cambodia
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